Overview of UK Immigration in 2025

The United Kingdom has continued to reshape its immigration framework in 2025, following major post-Brexit reforms. The government's stated aim is to reduce net migration while maintaining pathways for workers in sectors facing genuine labour shortages. Here is a summary of the most significant recent changes and developments.

Note: Immigration rules change frequently. Always check the official UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) website or consult a registered immigration adviser for the most current guidance.

Skilled Worker Visa: Salary Threshold Increases

One of the most impactful changes has been the sharp increase in salary thresholds for the Skilled Worker visa. The general minimum salary threshold was raised significantly, making it harder for employers to sponsor workers in lower-paid skilled roles. Key points include:

  • The general salary threshold for new Skilled Worker visa applications increased substantially compared to previous years.
  • Going rate rules now apply more strictly — applicants must meet whichever is higher: the general threshold or the going rate for their specific occupation code.
  • Shortage occupation list discounts were removed; instead, a new Immigration Salary List (ISL) was introduced with a more modest discount.
  • Healthcare and education sectors retain specific salary provisions.

Graduate Visa: No Changes (Yet)

Despite significant debate and a Migration Advisory Committee review, the Graduate visa — which allows international students to stay and work in the UK for two years (or three years for PhD holders) after graduation — was retained. However, it remains under political scrutiny, and further changes are possible.

Student Visa: Dependant Restrictions Tightened

Restrictions introduced in late 2023 and continuing through 2025 mean that most international students are no longer permitted to bring dependants unless they are enrolled in government-funded or postgraduate research programmes. This has had a notable impact on applications from students with families.

Family Visas: Income Threshold Changes

The minimum income requirement for sponsors bringing a foreign spouse or partner to the UK on a family visa has increased significantly:

  • The threshold was raised from £18,600 to £29,000 in early 2024, with plans for further increases.
  • The long-term target threshold is £38,700, which aligns with the Skilled Worker visa threshold.
  • These changes have been controversial, with ongoing legal challenges regarding their impact on family life.

Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR): Continuous Residence Rules

Rules around proving continuous residence for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) remain in place. Key things to be aware of:

  • Absences from the UK in the 12 months before applying must generally not exceed 180 days.
  • The Life in the UK test and English language requirements still apply for most ILR categories.
  • Applicants should ensure their visa history is consistent and well-documented.

Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)

The UK's Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme — similar to the US ESTA — has been rolling out to nationals of countries who currently visit the UK without a visa. This includes many European and other nationalities who were previously able to enter without any pre-travel authorisation. An ETA must be obtained before travel and is linked to the traveller's passport electronically.

What This Means for Prospective Applicants

  • Skilled workers: Ensure your prospective employer understands the new salary thresholds before applying. Negotiate salary proactively.
  • Students with families: Plan carefully — dependant restrictions mean additional costs and complications.
  • Family visa applicants: The sponsor (UK resident) must meet a substantially higher income threshold than before.
  • Visitors from Europe and elsewhere: Check whether you need an ETA before travelling to the UK.

Where to Find Official Information

For the most up-to-date rules, always refer to:

  • UK Government Visas and Immigration
  • The Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC) register for accredited advisers
  • The Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) for policy analysis and reports